🌿 Plant Kingdom - Classification & Features
For CBSE, MP Board, and NEET Exams
1. Algae
Classification Table
| Class | Pigments | Cell Wall | Storage Food | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorophyceae | Chlorophyll a, b | Cellulose | Starch | Chlamydomonas, Volvox |
| Phaeophyceae | Chlorophyll a, c + Fucoxanthin | Cellulose + Algin | Laminarin | Fucus, Sargassum |
| Rhodophyceae | Chlorophyll a, d + Phycoerythrin | Cellulose + Polysulfate | Floridean starch | Polysiphonia, Gelidium |
Key Points
- Reproduction: Fragmentation (vegetative), zoospores (asexual), isogamy/anisogamy/oogamy (sexual)
- Economic Uses: Agar, algin, food supplements
2. Bryophytes
- Examples: Marchantia (liverworts), Funaria (moss)
- Features:
- Non-vascular plants
- Gametophyte dominant
- Require water for fertilization
Important Comparisons
| Feature | Gymnosperms | Angiosperms |
|---|---|---|
| Seeds | Naked | Enclosed in fruits |
| Fertilization | Single | Double |
📚 Exam Preparation Tips
- CBSE/MP Board: Focus on diagrams (e.g., Spirogyra conjugation)
- NEET: Practice alternation of generations in ferns
